Bushra Griffith
Southern-style macaroni and cheese is a soul food classic with a rich history. The earliest American version of the dish is attributed to Thomas Jefferson's enslaved chef, James Hemings, who created the first baked version, Macaroni Pie, in the 1800s. It quickly became a staple in Southern households, and today, it remains a cherished recipe for many families. This creamy, cheesy, and soulful dish is often served as a side but can also be a filling main course. The key to its success lies in the ingredients and cooking method, resulting in a dish that is creamy, gooey, and full of flavour.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Texture | Creamy, gooey, crispy, crunchy |
| Taste | Cheesy, soulful, flavorful |
| Ingredients | Macaroni, milk, butter, eggs, cheese, seasoning |
| Cheese Types | Smoked cheddar, Colby, Monterey Jack, Velveeta, sharp cheddar, mozzarella, mild cheddar, black truffle cheddar gruyere |
| Seasoning | Creole, Cajun, onion powder, garlic powder, cayenne pepper |
| Toppings | Crispy breadcrumbs, basil |
| Baking Time | 30-60 minutes |
| Baking Temperature | 350°F |
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History of Southern Mac and Cheese
Southern macaroni and cheese, or "mac and cheese," is a staple dish in the Southern United States. It consists of medium-sized elbow noodles married with fresh seasonings, milk, and grated cheeses. The dish is baked in the oven, resulting in a thick, custard-like meal that oozes comfort. While the history of macaroni and cheese in America is complex and disputed, it is believed to have originated in Italy and was later introduced to the United States through various cultural influences.
The dish's earliest known roots can be traced back to medieval England, where a similar dish called "makerouns" was mentioned in cookbooks. However, the true origin of macaroni and cheese lies in southern Italy, where recipes from as early as the 13th century can be found. The dish, known as "Maccheroni alla parmigiana" in Italy, consisted of baked layers of pasta, tomato sauce, and grated Parmesan cheese. It was considered a luxury dish enjoyed by the wealthy due to the expensive ingredients.
The popularization of macaroni and cheese in the United States is often attributed to multiple cultural influences. One notable influence is associated with Thomas Jefferson, the third president of the United States. During his time as the ambassador to the French Court, Jefferson was introduced to a pasta dish in Northern Italy, which he fell in love with. He brought a pasta maker to the United States, and his family's connection to the dish continued. Mary Randolph, Jefferson's daughter's sister-in-law, is credited with including a recipe for macaroni and cheese in her 1824 cookbook, "The Virginia House-Wife." This cookbook aimed to capture the flavors and traditions of Southern cuisine, and the macaroni and cheese recipe played a significant role in popularizing the dish in the South.
Another important cultural influence on the dish's history in the United States is associated with James Hemings, Thomas Jefferson's formerly enslaved chef. During their time in Paris, Hemings was introduced to macaroni and cheese and brought the recipe back to Jefferson's plantation in Virginia. Hemings, considered the first Black American chef, served macaroni and cheese pie at state dinners, further cementing its place in Southern cuisine.
Over time, Southern macaroni and cheese has evolved and taken on a life of its own. It has become a staple in soul food restaurants and Southern dining establishments, often served as a side dish at family gatherings and holiday meals. The dish is deeply rooted in the Southern heritage, with each region adding its unique spin. While the basic recipe remains consistent, the intent and preparation methods vary, reflecting the chef's connection to their cultural history.
Today, Southern macaroni and cheese continues to be a beloved comfort food, with countless variations and adaptations found across the region. It has become a versatile dish that can be enjoyed in its simplest form or elevated with gourmet ingredients, catering to diverse tastes and preferences.
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Ingredients
Southern-style macaroni and cheese is a beloved soul food with deep roots in the Black community. The earliest American version of this dish was created by Thomas Jefferson's enslaved Black chef, James Hemings, in the 1800s. Over time, it has become a staple at holiday gatherings and special occasions.
The key to an authentic southern macaroni and cheese is in its rich and creamy texture, achieved through a combination of dairy and cheese. While some recipes may vary, here is a comprehensive list of ingredients commonly used in this soul food classic:
Dairy
Southern baked macaroni and cheese typically calls for a variety of dairy products to create its signature creamy texture. These can include:
- Milk (whole milk, evaporated milk, or a combination of both)
- Heavy cream, half-and-half, or a mixture of both for extra creaminess
- Sour cream or cream cheese, used in small amounts, adds a tangy flavour and contributes to the creaminess
- Butter, which serves as a base for the sauce and adds richness
Eggs
Eggs are a controversial topic in southern macaroni and cheese, with some recipes including them and others omitting them. If you choose to use eggs, they can act as a binder and contribute to the custard-like texture of the dish.
Cheeses
The type of cheese you use is a matter of personal preference, and there is no one-size-fits-all approach. However, some commonly used cheeses in southern macaroni and cheese include:
- Velveeta, which is known for its creamy texture and distinctive flavour
- Sharp cheddar, which adds a sharp, distinctive flavour
- Smoked cheddar, which imparts a smoky flavour and can form a delicious crust on top of the dish
- Colby Jack, a combination of Colby and Monterey Jack cheeses, adds a mild, creamy flavour
- Mild cheddar, for those who prefer a less sharp taste
- Mozzarella, which melts beautifully and adds a stringy, stretchy texture
- Pepper jack, for a spicy kick
- Gouda, Fontina, and Gruyere, which offer unique flavour profiles and melting qualities
Seasonings
Seasonings play a crucial role in elevating the flavour of southern macaroni and cheese. Some common choices include:
- Salt and pepper, to taste
- Creole seasoning, which adds distinctive Southern flavours
- Onion and garlic powder
- Cayenne pepper, for a spicy kick
- Cajun seasoning, for an extra southern twist
Toppings
To take your southern macaroni and cheese to the next level, consider adding toppings that add texture and flavour:
- Breadcrumbs, preferably toasted in butter until golden brown, provide a crispy contrast to the creamy pasta
- Panko, tossed with melted butter and sprinkled on top, adds a crunchy texture
- Extra grated cheese, sprinkled on top, forms a delicious, crispy cheese layer
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Preparation
Ingredients
The ingredients you will need to prepare Southern Macaroni and Cheese include:
- Macaroni
- Butter
- Flour
- Milk (whole milk, evaporated milk, or a mix of both)
- Heavy cream
- Eggs
- Salt
- Pepper
- Sugar
- Cheese (cheddar, Colby, Monterey Jack, mozzarella, Gruyere, etc.)
- Creole seasoning
- Onion and garlic powder
- Cayenne pepper
- Breadcrumbs
Method
- Preheat your oven to 350°F.
- Bring a large pot of water to a boil and add salt generously.
- Cook the macaroni according to the package directions, aiming for a slightly al dente texture.
- Drain the macaroni well and place it in a 9" by 13" baking dish or pan.
- In the same pot, create a custard mixture by whisking together milk, evaporated milk, eggs, salt, pepper, and sugar until combined. You can also add a tiny amount of sour cream or cream cheese at this stage for extra creaminess.
- Pour the custard mixture over the cooked macaroni in the baking dish.
- Add butter, and stir to combine.
- Mix in your choice of shredded or grated cheeses, reserving some for the topping. Smoked cheddar is a popular choice for Southern Mac and Cheese.
- Sprinkle grated cheese on top for a crispy, cheesy crust. You can also sprinkle toasted breadcrumbs on top for added texture and flavor.
- Cover the baking dish with foil and bake for about 30-60 minutes.
- Remove the foil for the last 10 minutes of baking to allow the cheese to brown and form a crust.
- Enjoy your Southern Macaroni and Cheese!
Tips
- You can make this dish ahead of time and refrigerate or freeze it before baking. Just add a splash of milk to the sauce to ensure the pasta doesn't dry out.
- If you prefer a smoother sauce, create a roux by cooking flour and butter together before adding the milk.
- Feel free to experiment with different types and combinations of cheese to find your favorite flavor.
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Cooking
Southern-style macaroni and cheese is a beloved dish with a rich history. The earliest American version of this recipe goes back to the 1800s, when Thomas Jefferson's enslaved Black chef, James Hemings, created the first baked macaroni pie. This dish quickly became a staple in the Black community and has since been cherished by generations of families.
Ingredients:
- Macaroni
- Butter
- Flour
- Milk (whole milk, evaporated milk, or a combination of both)
- Heavy cream
- Eggs
- Salt
- Pepper
- Sugar (optional)
- Various cheeses (sharp Cheddar, smoked Cheddar, Colby Jack, mozzarella, Monterey Jack, Velveeta, etc.)
- Breadcrumbs (optional)
Start by preheating your oven to 350°F. Bring a large pot of water to a boil and generously salt the water. Cook the macaroni according to the package directions, aiming for an al dente texture. Be careful not to overcook the pasta, as you want it to retain a slight bite. Drain the macaroni well and set it aside in a 9" by 13" baking dish or pan.
In the same pot used for boiling the macaroni, create a custard mixture by whisking together milk, evaporated milk, eggs, salt, pepper, and sugar (if using). You can also add a small amount of sour cream or cream cheese at this stage for extra creaminess. Pour this custard mixture over the cooked macaroni in the baking dish.
Add butter to a skillet and melt it. Then, whisk in flour and continue whisking until the flour is fully incorporated and cooked through, losing its raw taste. This mixture is called a roux. Slowly add the evaporated milk, followed by the heavy cream, a little at a time, to avoid lumps. Simmer this mixture for about 3-5 minutes until it thickens slightly.
Now, it's time to add your seasonings. You can use salt and pepper, onion and garlic powder, Creole seasoning, and cayenne pepper, or any other seasonings you prefer. Give it a good stir, and then add your cheeses. Reserve some cheese for the topping. Keep stirring until everything is melted, combined, and smooth.
Pour this cheesy sauce over the macaroni in the baking dish and stir well to combine. Top with more grated cheese and, optionally, crispy, buttery breadcrumbs. Bake uncovered for about 30 minutes, keeping a close eye on it. You want the cheese to bubble and the top to turn golden brown.
Remove the Southern macaroni and cheese from the oven and let it rest. It will likely be oily on top, which is normal when using real cheese and butter. You can blot some of it with a paper towel if desired. Serve hot and enjoy the creamy, cheesy goodness!
Feel free to experiment with different types of cheese and seasonings to make this dish your own. This Southern macaroni and cheese is sure to impress and satisfy your comfort food cravings!
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Serving
Southern-style macaroni and cheese is best served hot and straight out of the oven. It can be served as a main dish or as a side dish. If you have leftovers, store them in an airtight container in the fridge for two to three days.
When reheating, add a dash of milk to the macaroni and cheese to prevent it from drying out. You can reheat the dish in the microwave or in the oven at 350 degrees Fahrenheit for about 30 minutes.
If you want to make this dish ahead of time, you can assemble the ingredients and refrigerate or freeze them before baking. If you choose to refrigerate, it will last for one day. If you choose to freeze, it will last for up to four months. When you're ready to bake, thaw the frozen macaroni and cheese overnight and add a splash of milk to the sauce before baking.
If you want to add a crispy topping to your macaroni and cheese, sprinkle panko breadcrumbs over the top before baking. You can toss the panko with melted butter first for extra flavour and crispness. Alternatively, you can top the dish with crispy, buttery breadcrumbs. To make these, melt some butter in a saucepan and add breadcrumbs. Toast them until they are golden brown, then sprinkle them over the macaroni and cheese before baking.
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Frequently asked questions
Smoked cheddar is the secret to this truly addictive, baked macaroni and cheese recipe. You can also use a mix of cheeses, such as Colby & Monterey Jack, sharp cheddar, mozzarella, and pepper jack.
Evaporated milk and half-and-half make a more decadent, creamier sauce without spending all that time simmering it to make it thick enough.
Slightly undercook the pasta. The pasta should be very al dente, so it doesn’t overcook in the oven. Cook it for 2-3 minutes less than the package directions say.
