
There are many reasons why urine may have a strong odour. Most of the time, the cause is benign and could be due to something you ate, a lack of water, or even just a heightened sense of smell. However, in some cases, foul-smelling urine can be a sign of an underlying health condition, such as a urinary tract infection, diabetes, or kidney stones. Certain foods, vitamins, and medications can also cause urine to smell stronger than usual. If the odour is accompanied by other symptoms, such as pain or a fever, it is important to consult a doctor.
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What You'll Learn

Dehydration, UTI, diabetes, or diet could be the cause
Dehydration is a common cause of foul-smelling urine. When the body is low on fluids, waste products like ammonia become more concentrated, resulting in a stronger smell. Drinking plenty of water can help dilute these waste products and reduce the odour. Dehydration can also increase the risk of developing kidney stones and urinary tract infections, which can further impact the smell of urine.
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are another potential cause of foul-smelling urine. Bacteria, such as E. coli, Citrobacter, Salmonella, and Proteus, can enter the urinary tract and cause infections, leading to a strong odour. UTIs can also be associated with vaginal or penile discharge, which can mix with urine and contribute to the foul odour. Pregnant individuals may only experience strong-smelling urine as a symptom of a UTI.
Diabetes, specifically type 2 diabetes, can also lead to changes in urine odour. High blood sugar levels can cause urine to have a sweet or fruity fragrance, known as ketonuria. This is a result of the body trying to get rid of excess glucose. Diabetic ketoacidosis, a dangerous complication of diabetes, can also cause a fruity odour in urine.
Diet also plays a significant role in the smell of urine. Certain foods, such as asparagus, garlic, onions, broccoli, meat, fish, and eggs, can cause a strong odour. These foods contain strong-smelling chemicals that can pass into the urine. Additionally, vitamin supplements can affect urine odour. Excess vitamin B6 can give urine a strong odour, while too much vitamin B1 can make urine smell like fish.
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Bacterial vaginosis may be the cause
There are several other possible causes of foul-smelling urine, including dietary and lifestyle factors, as well as underlying medical conditions. For instance, consuming certain foods and drinks, such as asparagus, garlic, onions, meat, fish, eggs, coffee, and alcohol, can cause your urine to have a stronger odour. Dehydration can also lead to darker, more concentrated urine with a more pronounced smell. Additionally, certain medications and supplements, particularly prenatal vitamins, can affect the odour of urine.
In some cases, foul-smelling urine can be a symptom of an underlying health condition. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a common cause, as bacteria in the urinary tract can lead to an unpleasant odour. Other potential causes include kidney stones, liver disease, metabolic disorders like fish odour syndrome, and diabetes. Diabetes, in particular, can cause urine to have a sweet or fruity fragrance due to the presence of excess glucose in the urine.
It is important to note that foul-smelling urine is usually not a cause for significant concern and is often temporary. However, if the odour persists or is accompanied by other symptoms, such as pain or frequent urination, it is advisable to consult a healthcare professional. They may recommend a urine culture test or other diagnostic tests to determine the underlying cause and provide appropriate treatment.
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You could have a metabolic disease
There are a number of reasons why your urine might smell like cheese. It could be due to something you ate, or it could be a sign of dehydration. In most cases, this is nothing to worry about and will go away on its own. However, if the smell persists or is accompanied by other symptoms, it could indicate an underlying health issue.
One possible explanation for cheese-smelling urine could be a metabolic disease. Metabolic disorders can cause changes in urine odor, and one such disorder is trimethylaminuria. This rare genetic disorder is characterized by the body's inability to break down trimethylamine, a chemical compound with a pungent odor. As trimethylamine builds up in the body, it can be released in the urine, causing a strong fishy or rotten smell. While this condition is uncommon, it can have significant impacts on social and daily life.
Liver disease and certain metabolic disorders can also cause musty-smelling urine. If you suspect you have a metabolic disorder, it is important to consult a doctor or healthcare professional. They will likely ask you a series of questions and may order tests such as urine culture tests, blood tests, or imaging scans to check for infections, chemical imbalances, or other issues.
In addition to metabolic disorders, there are other potential causes of foul-smelling urine. These include bacterial infections, such as E. coli, Citrobacter, Salmonella, and Proteus, as well as vaginal or penile discharge associated with UTIs, STIs, or bacterial vaginosis. Certain foods, medications, and dehydration can also contribute to changes in urine odor.
While most cases of smelly urine are temporary and harmless, it is always a good idea to stay hydrated and monitor your symptoms. If the odor persists or is accompanied by other concerning symptoms, be sure to consult a healthcare professional for personalized advice and treatment options.
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It could be a symptom of phenylketonuria
While smelly urine is usually not a cause for concern, it could be a symptom of phenylketonuria (PKU). PKU is a rare inherited disorder that affects amino acid metabolism. People with PKU are born without the ability to break down the amino acid phenylalanine, which is toxic to the brain. This results in a buildup of phenylalanine in the blood, leading to high concentrations in the urine. PKU is caused by a defective gene passed on by both parents, and it occurs in most ethnic groups.
Untreated individuals with PKU often have a mousy or musty body odour in their urine and sweat. This distinctive smell is caused by phenylacetic acid, a by-product of phenylalanine. If left untreated, PKU can cause intellectual disability, seizures, nausea, vomiting, and an eczema-like rash. However, PKU can be effectively managed with early diagnosis and treatment. Newborn screening tests, such as amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling, can be used to detect PKU before birth.
If PKU is diagnosed early, a strict phenylalanine-restricted diet can allow for normal growth and development. This diet must be maintained for life to prevent neurological and mental problems associated with increased phenylalanine levels. In addition to dietary restrictions, individuals with PKU may require ongoing medical care and monitoring to manage their condition effectively.
If you suspect that your urine odour may be related to PKU or any other medical condition, it is important to consult a healthcare professional. They can perform the necessary diagnostic tests, such as blood tests or urine culture tests, to determine the underlying cause and provide appropriate treatment options.
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It could be a result of medication or supplements
There are a variety of reasons why your urine may smell like cheese. It could be due to something you ate, a bacterial infection, or even dehydration. However, it is important to note that urine odor varies, and most of the time, urine does not have a strong smell if you are healthy and well-hydrated.
One possible reason for the cheesy smell could be a result of medication or supplements you are taking. Certain medications, vitamins, and supplements can alter the smell of urine. For example, some drugs used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, infections, and diabetes are known to affect the waste's smell. B vitamins, such as thiamine and choline, can also cause foul-smelling urine by impacting the balance of chemicals in your urine.
Diabetes medications, such as sulfonylurea drugs, may also be a factor. These drugs contain sulfide, a compound linked to smelly urine. If you are taking any medications or supplements, it is worth considering whether they might be contributing to the cheesy smell of your urine. However, it's important to note that this is not always the case, and other factors, such as diet and hydration, are more common causes of urine odor changes.
In addition to medication and supplements, certain genetic conditions can also cause foul-smelling urine. Conditions such as phenylketonuria, maple syrup disease, and isovaleric acidosis can affect the smell of urine. Bacterial infections, such as E. coli, Citrobacter, Salmonella, and Proteus, can also lead to foul-smelling urine.
If you are concerned about the cheesy smell of your urine and suspect that it may be related to your medication or supplements, it is always best to consult with your healthcare provider. They can review your medications and supplements and advise you on any necessary adjustments or treatments.
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Frequently asked questions
There are several reasons why your pee might smell like cheese. Firstly, it could be due to something you ate or drank, such as asparagus, broccoli, meat, fish, eggs, coffee, or garlic. Secondly, it could be a result of dehydration or not drinking enough water. Additionally, certain vitamins, medications, or supplements can also affect the smell of your urine. If the smell persists or is accompanied by other symptoms, it is recommended to consult a doctor.
There are a few potential medical reasons why your pee might smell like cheese. One possibility is a urinary tract infection (UTI), which is caused by bacteria in the urinary system and can lead to a strong odour. Another possibility is a bacterial infection such as E. coli, Citrobacter, Salmonella, or Proteus. In some cases, cheese-smelling pee could be a sign of diabetes or high blood sugar, as urine may take on a fruity or sweet odour.
Yes, there are a few other potential reasons for the unusual smell. It could be due to a build-up of bacteria in the vagina, leading to conditions like bacterial vaginosis or pelvic inflammatory disease. Additionally, certain types of stones in the urine, known as cystine stones, can contain sulfur and give off a rotten egg odour. Lastly, it could be related to hormonal changes during pregnancy or conditions like liver disease, which can cause a musty odour.
If your pee continues to smell like cheese, it is recommended to consult a doctor, especially if the smell persists or is accompanied by other symptoms such as pain during urination, increased urinary frequency, or cloudy or bloody urine. A doctor can perform a urine culture test to check for infections, chemical imbalances, or other issues. They may also recommend dietary changes, increasing fluid intake, or treating any underlying medical conditions to help improve the odour.

























