
Vitamin D is a nutrient that our body produces with the help of sunlight. However, factors such as time of year, time of day, clothing, indoor activities, sunscreen use, and pollution can limit sun exposure, making food sources of vitamin D important. Pizza baked with fortified mozzarella cheese is one such source. Several studies have been conducted to assess the bioavailability and safety of vitamin D3 from this source. These studies have found that vitamin D3 is safe and bioavailable from fortified mozzarella cheese baked on pizza.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Is pizza cheese a source of vitamin D? | Yes, fortified mozzarella cheese baked on pizza is a source of vitamin D3. |
| Forms of vitamin D | Animal-sourced D3 (cholecalciferol) and plant-sourced D2 (ergocalciferol). |
| Role of vitamin D | Vitamin D helps with calcium absorption for bone growth and is important for the immune system, nervous system, muscles, and skin. |
| Bioavailability | Clinical trials have found vitamin D3 to be safe and bioavailable from fortified mozzarella cheese baked on pizza. |
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What You'll Learn

Fortified mozzarella cheese on pizza is a source of vitamin D3
Vitamin D is unique compared to other nutrients because our bodies can produce it with the help of sunlight. However, factors such as time of year, time of day, clothing, indoor activities, sunscreen use, and pollution can limit sun exposure, making dietary sources of vitamin D important. The two most common forms of vitamin D are animal-sourced D3 (cholecalciferol) and plant-sourced D2 (ergocalciferol). Vitamin D plays a crucial role in bone growth by aiding in calcium absorption, and it is also important for the immune system, nervous system, muscles, and skin.
While vitamin D is typically associated with sunlight, certain foods can also provide this essential nutrient. In a randomized controlled trial, researchers investigated the bioavailability and safety of vitamin D3 from fortified mozzarella cheese baked on pizza. The study involved 96 ethnically diverse, healthy adults who consumed either 200 IU or 28,000 IU of vitamin D3-fortified mozzarella cheese with pizza once weekly for eight weeks. Blood and urine samples were collected at the beginning and end of the study to measure serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and evaluate the safety of the vitamin D dosing protocol.
The results showed a significant increase in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in both the low-dose and high-dose groups, with a more pronounced increase in the high-dose group. Additionally, none of the subjects in either group experienced any adverse events during the supplementation protocol, indicating that vitamin D3 from fortified mozzarella cheese baked on pizza is safe and bioavailable. This study provides valuable insights into the potential of using fortified foods, such as pizza with fortified mozzarella cheese, as a strategy to enhance vitamin D intake and improve vitamin D status.
In conclusion, fortified mozzarella cheese on pizza is indeed a source of vitamin D3, offering a convenient and tasty way to boost vitamin D intake. This innovative approach to food fortification can help individuals meet their recommended vitamin D levels, particularly in regions with limited sun exposure or for those who may have difficulty absorbing vitamin D from sunlight. Further studies could explore the long-term effects of consuming fortified mozzarella cheese on pizza and its potential impact on overall health and well-being.
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Vitamin D3 is safe and bioavailable from this source
Vitamin D is different from other nutrients because our bodies can produce it with the help of sunlight. Spending enough time in the sun would theoretically eliminate the need to consume vitamin D from food sources. However, there are many factors that limit sun exposure, such as time of year, time of day, clothing choices, indoor activities, sunscreen use, and pollution. Therefore, it is important to have a dietary source of vitamin D. The two most common forms of vitamin D are animal-sourced D3 (cholecalciferol) and plant-sourced D2 (ergocalciferol). Vitamin D plays a significant role in bone growth by helping with the absorption of calcium and is also important for the immune system, nervous system, muscles, and skin.
Vitamin D3 is naturally found in animal sources, such as milk and other dairy products. Fortification is a process where vitamins that are lost during processing are added back to the product or where extra vitamins are added to provide additional health benefits. Fortified milk, for example, has been shown to increase vitamin D intake. Similarly, vitamin D3 can be added to mozzarella cheese, which is commonly used as a topping for pizza.
A randomized, double-blind trial was conducted to assess the bioavailability and safety of vitamin D3 from fortified mozzarella cheese baked on pizza. In the study, 96 healthy adults from diverse ethnic backgrounds were randomly assigned to consume either 200 IU or 28,000 IU of vitamin D3-fortified mozzarella cheese with pizza once weekly for 8 weeks. Blood and urine samples were collected at the beginning and end of the study to measure serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and other biochemical markers.
The results of the study showed that serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels increased in both the low-dose and high-dose groups, with a more significant increase in the high-dose group. Importantly, no adverse events were reported during the study, indicating that vitamin D3 from this source is safe. In conclusion, the study demonstrated that vitamin D3 is safe and bioavailable from fortified mozzarella cheese baked on pizza, providing a viable option for individuals seeking to increase their vitamin D3 intake.
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Vitamin D2 is plant-based, while D3 is animal-based
Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that can be produced by the body or absorbed from natural foods and vitamin supplements. It is essential for bone health, muscle strength, and overall body function. Vitamin D helps the body absorb calcium and phosphorus, which are crucial for building and maintaining strong bones. A deficiency in vitamin D can lead to severe consequences, such as tiredness, muscle and bone pain, and frequent stress fractures.
Vitamin D2, also known as ergocalciferol, is derived from plants and fortified foods. It is formed when ergosterol, a compound found in plant oils, fungi, and mushrooms, is exposed to sunlight or ultraviolet (UV) light. Vitamin D2 helps maintain adequate vitamin D levels in the body and is crucial for those following a plant-based or vegan diet.
On the other hand, Vitamin D3, also known as cholecalciferol, is primarily obtained from animal-based sources and sunlight. When our skin is exposed to UVB rays from the sun, it converts 7-dehydrocholesterol, a substance in the skin, into vitamin D3. Additionally, vitamin D3 can be found in animal products like fatty fish, egg yolks, and cheese.
It is worth noting that vitamin D3 appears to be more effective at increasing vitamin D levels in the blood. However, this topic is still under debate among scientists. Both vitamins D2 and D3 are essential in maintaining bone health and overall body function. The choice between the two depends on individual preferences and dietary restrictions.
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Vitamin D is important for bone growth and calcium absorption
Vitamin D is a unique nutrient because our bodies can produce it when exposed to sunlight. However, there are many factors that limit our exposure to sunlight, such as the time of year, time of day, clothing choices, indoor activities, sunscreen use, and pollution. Therefore, it is important to ensure we are getting enough vitamin D from our diet or supplements.
Vitamin D plays a crucial role in bone growth and development, primarily by helping our bodies absorb calcium. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in our bodies and is essential for building strong, dense bones. Our bones are partly made of calcium salts, especially calcium phosphate, which hardens and strengthens our bones. While we can get calcium from certain foods and drinks, our bodies cannot produce it, so we need to ensure we are consuming enough.
Vitamin D helps us absorb and utilize the calcium we ingest to build and maintain strong, healthy bones. This is important throughout our lives, from childhood to adulthood. When children do not get enough vitamin D, they can develop rickets, a condition characterized by soft, weak, deformed, and painful bones. In adults, vitamin D and calcium help to keep bones strong and reduce the risk of falling and breaking bones.
In addition to its role in bone health, vitamin D also supports the healthy functioning of our muscles, immune system, nervous system, and skin. It is recommended to discuss your vitamin D levels with a healthcare provider, especially if you have osteoporosis, low bone mass, or another condition that can lead to bone loss. They can advise you on whether you need to take a vitamin D supplement to ensure you are getting an optimal amount for bone health and overall well-being.
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Sun exposure is a natural source of vitamin D
The body can produce vitamin D when the skin is exposed to ultraviolet (UV) rays from sunlight. The liver and kidneys are then needed to create the active form of vitamin D. However, there are factors that limit sun exposure, such as the time of year, time of day, clothing, indoor activities, sunscreen use, and pollution, which can interfere with vitamin D synthesis.
The amount of sunlight necessary to produce sufficient vitamin D depends on various factors, including latitude, season, skin colour, and sun protection. For example, in a study conducted in Valencia, Spain, it was found that during spring and summer, exposing 25% of the body (hands, face, neck, and arms) to the sun at noon for 8 to 10 minutes was enough to produce the recommended amount of vitamin D. In contrast, during winter, with only 10% of the body exposed, nearly 2 hours of sun exposure at noon was needed.
It is important to note that while sun exposure is a natural source of vitamin D, excessive UV exposure can lead to skin cancer. Therefore, sun protection strategies should be implemented to balance the benefits of vitamin D production with the risks of UV rays.
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Frequently asked questions
Yes, pizza cheese can have vitamin D. In a study, 96 ethnically diverse adults were given vitamin D3-fortified mozzarella cheese with pizza once weekly for 8 weeks.
The recommended daily amount of vitamin D for an adult is 600 IU (15 mcg).
Vitamin D helps with calcium absorption, which is important for bone growth. It also plays a role in immune system function, nervous system health, muscle maintenance, and skin health.
Yes, vitamin D can be found naturally in fatty fish like salmon, tuna, and mackerel, as well as in egg yolks, beef liver, and cheese. Sun exposure is also a natural way to get vitamin D.










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