Frederic Melton
Before the ubiquitous cheese became the go-to phrase for eliciting smiles in photographs, people relied on a variety of expressions to capture the perfect shot. In the early days of photography, when long exposure times required subjects to remain still for minutes, photographers often used phrases like prunes or peaches to help subjects maintain a relaxed yet composed expression. These fruit-inspired prompts were thought to naturally curve the lips into a pleasant smile without causing strain. As photography evolved and exposure times shortened, more playful and culturally specific phrases emerged, such as say 'eggs' in some European countries or whiskey in others, reflecting regional humor and traditions. The transition to cheese gained popularity in the mid-20th century, likely due to its simplicity and the way it naturally lifts the cheeks and brightens the face, making it a timeless and universal choice for photo-ready smiles.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Early 19th Century | "Prunes" was commonly used in the early days of photography. |
| Mid-19th Century | "Potatoes" became popular, especially in European countries. |
| Late 19th Century | "Achookoo" (a made-up word) was used in some regions. |
| Early 20th Century | "Watch the birdie" gained popularity due to photographers using toys. |
| Mid-20th Century | "Say cheese" began to dominate globally. |
| Regional Variations | In France, "Ouistiti" (meaning "marmoset") was used. |
| Cultural Influences | In Japan, "Hai, chi-zu" (a transliteration of "cheese") is commonly used. |
| Historical Context | Early phrases were often longer and more whimsical. |
| Functionality | Phrases were designed to make subjects smile naturally. |
| Transition Period | "Cheese" gradually replaced older phrases due to its simplicity. |
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What You'll Learn
- Origins of Cheese: Early 20th century, cheese replaced earlier phrases for smiling in photos
- Historical Alternatives: People said prunes, cod liver oil, or bacon before cheese
- Cultural Variations: Different cultures used unique phrases like ouistiti (France) or kimchi (Korea)
- Early Photography: No specific phrase; photographers often instructed subjects to look pleasant
- Evolution of Cheese: Cheese gained popularity due to its ability to create natural smiles in photos
Origins of Cheese: Early 20th century, cheese replaced earlier phrases for smiling in photos
The phrase "cheese" as a cue for smiling in photographs emerged in the early 20th century, but it didn’t appear in a vacuum. Before its rise, photographers relied on a variety of phrases to coax natural smiles from their subjects. One common instruction was "say prunes," which, despite its oddity, was effective because the tight-lipped pronunciation subtly stretched the mouth into a smile. Another popular prompt was "look pleasant," a more direct but less playful command. These earlier phrases reflect the era’s formality and the challenge of capturing genuine expressions in the slow, deliberate process of early photography.
The shift to "cheese" likely occurred due to its phonetic qualities and cultural resonance. The long "e" sound in "cheese" naturally lifts the corners of the mouth, creating a more convincing smile than the flat vowels in "prunes." Additionally, cheese was a familiar, comforting food item, making it an accessible and cheerful prompt for subjects of all ages. This transition highlights how language adapts to technology, as the informal, quick-paced nature of "cheese" suited the increasingly casual approach to photography in the mid-20th century.
To understand the impact of this change, consider the practicalities of early photography. In the 1920s, cameras required long exposure times, and subjects had to hold poses for several seconds. A simple, effective cue like "cheese" streamlined the process, reducing the risk of blurred or awkward expressions. For photographers working with children or large groups, the switch from more complex phrases like "look pleasant" to the succinct "cheese" was a small but significant efficiency gain.
While "cheese" has become ubiquitous, its predecessors offer a glimpse into the evolution of photographic etiquette. Modern alternatives like "say pizza" or "whiskey" follow the same phonetic logic, emphasizing long vowels to shape smiles. However, "cheese" remains the gold standard due to its simplicity and universal recognition. For those looking to recreate vintage photo sessions, experimenting with phrases like "prunes" or "look pleasant" can add a nostalgic touch, though it may require more patience from both photographer and subject.
In essence, the rise of "cheese" as the go-to photo prompt is a testament to the power of linguistic efficiency and cultural familiarity. It replaced earlier phrases not just because it worked better, but because it aligned with the democratization of photography, making it easier for anyone to capture a perfect smile. Next time you hear "say cheese," remember it’s more than a word—it’s a century-old solution to a timeless problem.
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Historical Alternatives: People said prunes, cod liver oil, or bacon before cheese
Before the ubiquitous "cheese" became the go-to phrase for coaxing smiles in photographs, people relied on a surprising array of alternatives, each reflecting the cultural and culinary trends of their time. Among these, "prunes," "cod liver oil," and "bacon" stand out as particularly intriguing. These phrases, though seemingly odd by today’s standards, were once effective tools for eliciting genuine expressions, often more so than the modern catch-all. Understanding their historical use not only sheds light on societal preferences but also offers a playful glimpse into how people once interacted with the camera.
Consider "prunes," a word that might seem more suited to a grocery list than a photo shoot. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, prunes were a staple in many households, valued for their nutritional benefits and long shelf life. Photographers of the era, particularly those working with children or the elderly, found that the word "prunes" often prompted a natural, if slightly puckered, expression. This was no accident—the slight sour taste associated with prunes could trigger a subtle grimace that, when captured correctly, added character to a portrait. For those seeking to recreate this technique today, try pairing the word with a gentle reminder to relax the face afterward for a balanced shot.
"Cod liver oil," another historical alternative, served a dual purpose: it was both a health supplement and a photographic prompt. Popular in the early to mid-20th century, cod liver oil was often administered to children for its high vitamin content. The mere mention of it could evoke a mix of emotions—dread, resignation, or even amusement—all of which translated into dynamic facial expressions. Modern photographers experimenting with this phrase should be mindful of its potential to elicit strong reactions, particularly in younger subjects. Pairing it with a lighthearted tone can help soften the impact while preserving its effectiveness.
"Bacon," on the other hand, represents a shift toward more universally appealing prompts. Emerging in the mid-20th century, this word capitalized on the widespread love for this breakfast staple. Unlike prunes or cod liver oil, "bacon" was less about triggering a specific expression and more about evoking joy or anticipation. Its effectiveness lay in its ability to make subjects smile genuinely, as they imagined the sizzle and aroma of bacon in a pan. For contemporary use, "bacon" remains a viable option, especially for group photos where a collective smile is the goal. However, be cautious of overusing it, as its familiarity may diminish its impact over time.
Each of these historical alternatives—prunes, cod liver oil, and bacon—offers a unique window into the past, revealing how cultural norms and personal preferences shaped the way people interacted with photography. While "cheese" has since dominated the scene, revisiting these older prompts can add depth and variety to modern photo sessions. Whether you're aiming for a vintage aesthetic or simply looking to break away from convention, incorporating these phrases can yield surprisingly authentic results. After all, the key to a great photograph lies not just in the pose, but in the story behind the smile.
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Cultural Variations: Different cultures used unique phrases like ouistiti (France) or kimchi (Korea)
The ubiquitous "cheese" we utter before a flash isn't universal. Across cultures, unique phrases emerge, each reflecting local language, humor, and even culinary traditions. In France, "ouistiti" (meaning "marmoset") replaces "cheese," perhaps invoking the playful nature of these monkeys. Koreans opt for "kimchi," a national dish, showcasing how deeply ingrained food culture can be. These variations highlight the fascinating ways societies imprint their identities onto even the most mundane acts.
While "cheese" dominates English-speaking countries, its global counterparts offer a window into cultural nuances. In Japan, "hai, chi-zu" (yes, cheese) maintains a phonetic link, while in Italy, "dici?" (say it) prioritizes clarity over whimsy. These choices reveal not just linguistic differences, but also attitudes towards photography and self-presentation.
Understanding these variations isn't just trivia; it's a tool for cultural sensitivity. Imagine a photographer in Seoul shouting "cheese" – it might feel jarring, even disrespectful. Knowing the local phrase, "kimchi," fosters connection and demonstrates respect for local customs. This awareness becomes especially crucial in an increasingly interconnected world where travel and cross-cultural interactions are commonplace.
For those venturing beyond their linguistic bubble, a quick online search or a friendly local inquiry can unlock the secret phrase. Embracing these cultural variations enriches our experiences, turning a simple photo into a moment of genuine connection and understanding.
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Early Photography: No specific phrase; photographers often instructed subjects to look pleasant
In the early days of photography, capturing a smile was no small feat. Without the convenience of digital previews or quick retakes, photographers relied heavily on their subjects' ability to hold a pleasant expression for the duration of the exposure, which could last several seconds. Unlike today’s casual "say cheese," early photographers often instructed subjects with phrases like "look pleasant" or "keep a natural smile." These directives were less about eliciting a specific word and more about maintaining a relaxed, agreeable demeanor. The goal was to avoid the stiffness that often resulted from the formality of the occasion and the discomfort of early photographic processes.
Consider the daguerreotype, one of the earliest photographic methods, which required subjects to remain still for up to 30 seconds. In such cases, a photographer might say, "Think of something joyful" or "Focus on a happy memory." These instructions were practical, aiming to keep the subject engaged and their expression genuine. Unlike the modern "cheese," which is a quick, universal cue, early photographers tailored their guidance to the individual, often observing their subjects beforehand to understand what might work best. For children, this might involve asking them to think of a favorite toy or treat, while adults might be encouraged to recall a recent triumph or amusing anecdote.
The absence of a standardized phrase like "cheese" highlights the personalized nature of early photography. Each session was a collaboration between photographer and subject, with the former often acting as part psychologist, part director. This approach required patience and skill, as photographers had to adapt their instructions to suit the temperament and comfort level of each person. For instance, a shy subject might be told to "imagine you’re alone," while a more outgoing individual could be prompted to "share a secret smile." The key was to create an environment where the subject felt at ease, ensuring the resulting image captured not just a face, but a moment of genuine connection.
Practical tips from this era can still be applied today, especially in situations where a natural expression is desired. Instead of relying on rote phrases, photographers can encourage subjects to focus on positive thoughts or engage in light conversation. For group photos, a shared joke or memory can replace the ubiquitous "cheese," fostering a sense of unity and authenticity. While modern technology has made photography faster and more accessible, the early emphasis on personalized instruction reminds us that the best images often come from a deeper engagement with the subject. By understanding and adapting to individual needs, photographers can still achieve the timeless, pleasant expressions that defined the earliest portraits.
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Evolution of Cheese: Cheese gained popularity due to its ability to create natural smiles in photos
The word "cheese" has become synonymous with photo-taking, but it wasn't always the go-to phrase. Historically, people used a variety of expressions to prepare for a photograph, often tied to cultural or linguistic nuances. For instance, in 19th-century Europe, photographers might instruct subjects to say "prunes" to achieve a relaxed expression, while in early American studios, "watch the birdie" was popular, leveraging a prop to direct focus. These phrases were functional, aiming to create a natural look in an era when holding a pose for minutes was common. The evolution from "prunes" or "birdie" to "cheese" highlights a shift not just in words, but in the purpose of the phrase—from mere compliance to actively inducing a genuine smile.
The rise of "cheese" as the dominant photo cue is rooted in its phonetic qualities and cultural adaptability. When spoken, "cheese" naturally lifts the cheeks and stretches the lips into a smile, mimicking the facial muscles engaged in genuine happiness. This physical response is why photographers began favoring it in the mid-20th century, particularly as cameras became more accessible and candid shots gained popularity. Unlike earlier phrases, "cheese" doesn’t require props or context—it’s universal, easy to remember, and effective across age groups. For children, it’s playful; for adults, it’s straightforward. Its simplicity made it a global standard, outpacing regional alternatives like "ouistiti" in France or "patata" in Spain.
However, the effectiveness of "cheese" isn’t just about the word itself but its role in modern photography. In an age of instant cameras and smartphones, the goal shifted from maintaining a stiff pose to capturing spontaneous joy. "Cheese" became a tool to bridge the gap between staged and natural expressions, especially in group photos where coordination is key. Studies in psychology suggest that even forced smiles triggered by saying "cheese" can release endorphins, making the smile feel more authentic over time. This phenomenon is particularly useful for amateur photographers who lack the techniques to elicit genuine emotions without prompts.
Despite its widespread use, "cheese" isn’t without limitations. Over-reliance on the word can lead to generic, overly posed smiles, particularly in professional settings where individuality is prized. Modern photographers often experiment with alternatives like "say your favorite food" or "think of something funny" to achieve more personalized expressions. Yet, for everyday snapshots, "cheese" remains unmatched in its efficiency. Its enduring popularity lies in its ability to transform a mechanical act into a shared moment of levity, proving that sometimes, the simplest tools are the most powerful.
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Frequently asked questions
Before "cheese," people often said "prunes" to achieve a similar smile, as it required the lips to form a rounded shape.
"Cheese" became popular because it naturally lifts the cheeks and stretches the lips, creating a bright and genuine-looking smile in photos.
Yes, in some cultures, phrases like "whiskey" in Ireland or "ouistiti" (a type of monkey) in France were used to prompt smiles for photos.
The use of "cheese" for photo smiles became widespread in the early 20th century, though its exact origin is unclear.
Yes, modern alternatives include saying "say yes," "pizza," or even using funny phrases like "tacos" to elicit natural, relaxed smiles.
