Andy Montoya
Toenail fungus is a common condition that can cause thickened, yellowing, and brittle nails. While it is often associated with a cheesy smell, the fungus itself does not produce this odour. Instead, it is caused by a type of bacteria called Brevibacterium, which also matures certain types of cheese and gives them their distinctive smell. This bacteria thrive in the same dark, moist environments as the fungus, such as sweaty shoes, leading to the frequent co-occurrence of toenail fungus and cheesy odours.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Cause of smell | Brevibacterium, a type of bacteria |
| Conditions for growth | Dark and damp |
| Treatment | Oral and topical medications, debridement, toenail removal surgery |
| Prevention | Keep feet clean and dry, protect feet in public areas, avoid cross-contamination |
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What You'll Learn
Toenail fungus and cheese smell correlation
The correlation between toenail fungus and cheese-like smell is due to the presence of the bacteria Brevibacterium, which is commonly found in both environments. This bacteria is responsible for the maturation of certain types of cheese and is also a natural inhabitant of the feet, thriving in dark and moist conditions, such as sweaty shoes. While the cheese-like odour and toenail fungus often occur together, it is important to note that their correlation does not imply causation. In other words, the smell is not directly caused by the toenail fungus itself.
Toenail fungus, or onychomycosis (Tinea unguium), is a common nail condition, accounting for approximately 50% of nail infections. It is more prevalent in toenails than fingernails due to the ideal conditions for fungal growth found in shoes. The fungus infects the nail from the underside, leading to discolouration, thickening, and lifting of the nail from the nail bed. The infection can be caused by various organisms, including dermatophytes and non-dermatophytes.
The characteristic cheese-like odour associated with toenail fungus is produced by the Brevibacterium bacteria. This bacteria thrives in the same dark, damp, and sweaty environments that promote fungal growth. While the fungus itself does not produce the smell, the conditions that favour its growth also create an ideal environment for the Brevibacterium bacteria to proliferate and produce the pungent odour.
The treatment for toenail fungus and the associated cheese-like smell involves addressing the underlying fungal infection. This can be a challenging and prolonged process, often requiring persistent and patient adherence to medical advice. Both systemic and topical treatments are available, including oral and topical antifungal medications. Additionally, proper hygiene practices, such as keeping the feet clean and dry, are crucial for preventing and managing the infection.
It is important to consult with a medical professional, such as a podiatrist or a foot doctor, to obtain an accurate diagnosis and tailored treatment plan for toenail fungus and its related symptoms, including the cheese-like smell. They can recommend specific medications, provide guidance on proper foot hygiene, and advise on preventive measures to reduce the risk of recurrence or cross-contamination.
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Brevibacterium bacteria and its role
The smell of toenail cheese, or fungal nails, can be attributed to various factors, and one of the key contributors is the Brevibacterium bacteria. Brevibacterium, specifically Brevibacterium linens, is a significant bacterium commonly found on the surface of certain cheeses, such as Saint Paulin, Limburger, and Münster. It plays a crucial role in the ripening process of these cheeses and is known for imparting a distinct texture and colour.
Brevibacterium linens, often referred to as B. linens, is a nonsporeforming, rod-shaped, nonmotile, mesophilic, and
One of the defining characteristics of B. linens is its production of pigments, resulting in a yellow-orange to orange-brown colouration on the surface of certain cheeses. This pigmentation is due to the carotenoids produced by the bacterium, and the intensity of the colour depends on the growth conditions, particularly the dissolved oxygen and methionine concentrations in the growth medium.
In addition to its role in cheese ripening, B. linens has been associated with human infections. Clinical strains of Brevibacterium casei, formerly known as CDC groups B-1 and B-3, have been identified as causative agents of human infections. These infections have been detected in various bodily fluids, including blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and pleural fluid. Further research and identification of Brevibacterium in clinical settings continue to enhance our understanding of its role in human health and disease.
Moreover, Brevibacterium is not limited to cheese and human-related environments. It can also be found in a variety of natural habitats, including soil, salt water, freshwater, and raw milk. The presence of Brevibacterium in these diverse ecosystems showcases its adaptability and ability to thrive in different conditions. Overall, Brevibacterium, particularly B. linens, plays a significant role in the ripening of specific cheeses, contributes to the distinctive colour and texture of these cheeses, and has been implicated in certain human infections, making it a bacterium of both culinary and medical importance.
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Fungal toenail infection symptoms
The smell of toenail cheese is often associated with fungal infections, which can cause a bad odour. Fungi thrive in warm and damp environments, and when they infect the nail, they can lead to discolouration, thickening, and distortion. Fungal toenail infections are quite common and can be effectively treated and managed.
Fungal toenail infections, also known as onychomycosis or Tinea unguium, are characterised by several distinctive symptoms. The infection often spreads across the entire nail, leading to thickening and discolouration. The nail may turn white, yellow, brown, or even black. In some cases, the nail may become brittle and crumbly, with a chalky texture. The nail can also lift off the nail bed, causing the surrounding skin to become swollen and painful.
The infection usually starts from the underside of the nail, where a soft, sticky mash with a creamy-yellow, greenish-black, or brownish discolouration can be found. This infected material often emits a foul odour, which is the likely cause of the "toenail cheese" smell.
Fungal toenail infections can vary in severity, and mild cases may not require treatment. However, if the infection is causing pain or discomfort, or if you are bothered by its appearance, it is recommended to seek treatment. Antifungal medications are commonly prescribed, and they can come in the form of tablets or a special paint applied directly to the nail. In more severe cases, laser treatment or surgical nail removal may be recommended.
It is important to note that self-diagnosis can be unreliable, and it is always best to consult a healthcare professional, such as a podiatrist or a doctor, for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment plan. They may recommend a laboratory test, such as a mycology test, to confirm the presence of a fungal infection and identify the specific causative organisms.
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Treatment options for fungal toenail infections
Toenail fungus, or onychomycosis, is a common condition that can be challenging to treat. It is caused by fungi called dermatophytes that infect the skin beneath the nail, as well as yeast. The infection causes the nail to become discoloured, typically a white to yellowish hue, thickened, and distorted. It may also appear chalky and crumbly, with a creamy-yellow or greenish-black discolouration underneath the nail, which is often the source of the offensive odour.
Topical and Oral Antifungal Medications:
- Antifungal medications are the primary treatment option for fungal toenail infections. These can be in the form of topical treatments applied directly to the nail, such as antifungal nail paint or lacquer, or oral medications in the form of tablets.
- Terbinafine and itraconazole are commonly prescribed oral antifungal medicines, typically taken once or twice a day for several months. It is important to complete the full course of treatment to prevent the infection from returning.
- Topical antifungal agents, such as tea tree oil, eucalyptus oil, and ozonized sunflower oil, have also been found to be effective in treating toenail fungus.
Laser Treatment:
Laser treatment is an option for stubborn fungal nail infections. It involves using high doses of light energy to destroy the fungus. However, it is not widely available and may need to be paid for privately.
Surgical Nail Removal:
In severe cases that do not respond to other treatments, surgical removal of the infected nail may be recommended. This allows for the treatment of the underlying nail bed, and a new, healthy nail will eventually grow back in its place.
Home Remedies:
Several home remedies can be effective in treating toenail fungus. These include baking soda paste, Vicks VapoRub, and vinegar or hydrogen peroxide soaks. However, it is important to note that these remedies may need to be applied consistently for several months to clear the infection.
It is always advisable to consult a healthcare professional, such as a podiatrist or your primary care physician, for an accurate diagnosis and tailored treatment plan. They may recommend laboratory tests, such as a mycology test, to confirm the presence of a fungal infection before initiating treatment.
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Preventing cross-contamination and recurrence
Toenail fungus, or onychomycosis, is a common cause of smelly toenails. The offensive odour is caused by the organism tinea unguium, which thrives in dark and damp environments, such as sweaty shoes. The same bacteria, Brevibacterium, is also used to mature certain types of cheese, which is why the smell is often likened to rotten milk or cheese.
To prevent cross-contamination and recurrence of toenail fungus, it is important to maintain good foot hygiene and create an unfavourable environment for fungal growth. Here are some detailed instructions to achieve this:
- Wash and Dry Your Feet Regularly: Wash your feet thoroughly when you shower, paying special attention to the areas between your toes. Completely dry your feet after washing, especially the areas between your toes, as moisture can provide an ideal environment for fungal growth.
- Wear Clean Socks: Always wear clean socks, preferably made of breathable materials like cotton or wool. If your feet tend to sweat a lot, consider changing your socks multiple times a day to keep them dry.
- Avoid Walking Barefoot in Public Areas: Fungi that cause toenail infections thrive in warm, moist environments, especially in public areas like pools, showers, and changing rooms. When using such facilities, wear flip-flops or shower sandals to protect your feet from direct contact with potentially contaminated surfaces.
- Disinfect Shoes and Footwear: Fungi can linger in your shoes, so it's important to disinfect them regularly. Use disinfectant sprays or powders specifically designed for footwear. If you've had a toenail fungus infection, consider replacing your old shoes to prevent recurrence.
- Cut Your Toenails Properly: Keep your toenails trimmed and filed. Cut your nails straight across and avoid cutting them too short to prevent injury and ingrown toenails. Properly trimmed nails are less likely to trap dirt and provide a better defence against fungal infections.
- Treat Athlete's Foot Promptly: Athlete's foot is a fungal infection of the skin on the feet, often caused by the same fungi that lead to toenail infections. If you notice any symptoms of athlete's foot, such as itching, scaling, or blisters, treat it promptly with over-the-counter antifungal creams or powders. This will help prevent the fungus from spreading to your toenails.
- Practice Good Nail Salon Hygiene: If you visit nail salons for pedicures, ensure they practise proper sanitation and disinfection procedures. Bring your own tools if possible, and avoid soaking your feet in a communal footbath, as these can be breeding grounds for fungi and bacteria.
- Consider Probiotics: Probiotics can help promote a healthy balance of bacteria on your skin and reduce the risk of fungal overgrowth. Consider taking oral probiotics or applying topical probiotic creams to your feet and toenails.
- Disinfect Laundry: Wash your towels, linens, and clothing regularly, especially if you've had a toenail fungus infection. Use hot water and laundry detergent designed to kill germs and fungi. Disinfect hampers and laundry baskets as well to prevent the spread of fungal spores.
- Early Treatment: If you notice any signs of toenail fungus, such as discolouration, thickening, or odour, seek treatment promptly. Topical and oral antifungal medications can help clear the infection and prevent it from recurring. In some cases, your healthcare provider may recommend laser treatment for more effective results.
By following these instructions, you can significantly reduce the chances of cross-contamination and recurrence of toenail fungus, thereby maintaining healthy and odour-free toenails.
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Frequently asked questions
Toenail cheese is caused by a type of bacteria called Brevibacterium, which is also used to mature certain types of cheese, giving them a funky smell.
Symptoms of toenail fungus include thickened, yellowing, and brittle nails, which may turn brown or black, and become painful.
Toenail fungus can be treated with oral and topical medications, debridement, and in severe cases, toenail removal surgery. Keeping your feet clean and dry, and protecting them in public areas can also help prevent and treat toenail fungus.
Fungal infections are caused by fungi, while bacterial infections are caused by bacteria. Both types of infections can occur on the skin and nails, and can be treated with medications and proper hygiene.
